Otitis Media
(Middle Ear Infection or Inflammation)

Medical Author: David Perlstein, MD FAAP
Medical Editor: William C. Shiel, Jr., MD, FACP, FACR

• What is otitis media (middle ear infection or inflammation)?
• How common is acute otitis media?
• Why do young children tend to have ear infections?
• How does the Eustachian tube change as a child gets older?
• What microorganisms cause otitis media?
• What is the relationship between bottle-feeding and otitis media?
• What are the risk factors for acute otitis media?
• What are the symptoms of acute otitis media?
• How is acute otitis media treated?
• What causes chronic otitis media?
• What happens to the eardrum in chronic otitis media?
• What happens to the eardrum if a hole develops in the eardrum?
• How is chronic otitis media treated?
• What are the goals of chronic otitis media surgery?
• What is serous otitis media?
• What limitations are there on a child with otitis media?
• Otitis Media At A Glance
• Related ear infections articles on WebMD:
  Ear infections
  Otitis media

OTC Remedies for Ear Infections Medical Author: Dennis S. Phillips, MD Medical Editor: Melissa Conrad Stöppler, MD Viewer Asks: Are there any over-the-counter remedies for a child with an ear infection? Dr. Phillips Answers: While there exist over-the-counter (OTC) remedies and medications that can alleviate the pain and symptoms of an ear infection, there are no OTC measures that kill the bacteria in the middle ear space that actually cause the infection. The "feel better" measures that work the best are oral pain medications like acetaminophen (Tylenol) or oral pain/antiinflammatory medications, like ibuprofen (Advil, Motrin). Topical anesthetic drops are also available that are applied into the ear canal and basically numb the inflamed ear drum from the outside. But since the infection is caused by bacteria in the middle ear space on the other side of the eardrum, nothing applied externally can help kill the bacteria through the intact eardrum. Read the rest of Dr. Phillips response » Top Searched Otitis Media Terms: symptoms, acute, children, tests, effusion, chronic, treatment, american academy of pediatrics guidelines , ear tubes, earache

What is otitis media?

Otitis media is inflammation of the middle ear. "Otitis" means inflammation of the ear, and "media" means middle. This inflammation often begins with infections that cause sore throats, colds or other respiratory problems, and spreads to the middle ear. These can be caused by viruses or bacteria, and can be acute or chronic.

Acute otitis media is usually of rapid onset and short duration. Acute otitis media is typically associated with fluid accumulation in the middle ear together with signs or symptoms of ear infection; a bulging eardrum usually accompanied by pain, or a perforated eardrum, often with drainage of purulent material (pus). Fever can be present.

Chronic otitis media is a persistent inflammation of the middle ear, typically for a minimum of a month. This is in distinction to an acute ear infection (acute otitis media) that usually lasts only several weeks. Following an acute infection, fluid (an effusion) may remain behind the ear drum (tympanic membrane) for up to three months before resolving. Chronic otitis media may develop after a prolonged period of time with fluid (effusion) or negative pressure behind the eardrum (tympanic membrane). Chronic otitis media can cause ongoing damage to the middle ear and eardrum and there may be continuing drainage through a hole in the eardrum. Chronic otitis media often starts painlessly without fever. Ear pressure or popping can be persistent for months. Sometimes a subtle loss of hearing can be due to chronic otitis media.

Otitis Media - Effective Treatments

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